MUMBAI: Where does Mumbai’s waste go after you flush it down the toilet?

In a wooded patch close to the Bandra sea link toll booth, municipal
engineers and maintenance staff monitor a constant gush of light brown
water as a dull stench permeates the air.

Sub-engineer Abhijit Desai and his team at the waste water sewage treatment plant at Bandra Reclamation are among a group of silent workers at seven locations across the city, handling Mumbai’s human and kitchen waste.

Managing this daily nauseating torrent is no mean task. Mumbai’s
coastline is now considered among the most polluted in the world.And one
of the reasons for this is that the sewage receives a basic preliminary
treatment before it is pumped into the sea.

The BMC’s seven sewage plants located between Colaba, Malad and Bhandup work round-the-clock throughout the year.

Around 2,100 million litres a day (MLD) of waste water sewage is
released into the Arabian Sea and the creeks. The waste that arrives at
the plants is pumped 3km into the sea. The BMC’s Malad sewage treatment
plant, which handles the waste of 35 lakh people, is perhaps the worst
of the seven in the city. The facility is limited to just preliminary
treatment before the effluent is discharged directly in the Malad creek,
which is surrounded by a large mangrove forest.

“The Malad creek does not have the required assimilative capacity due
to nominal tidal flushing. The dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the Malad
creek has reached zero, raising serious environmental concerns,” states
an internal note of the BMC’s sewerage operation department. Officials
said a DO level of 4 is considered safe for aquatic life. ” Anything
below that is dangerous,” they said.Every day, around 240 MLD is
released into the Malad creek.The Malad plant handles the waste of
people living in Charkop, Gorai, Shimpoli, Goregaon and Dahisar.

Last month, a global study found the sea near the Mumbai coast to be
among the world’s most polluted. The database (Litterbase) compiled by
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
in Germany also found high quantity of plastic debris on the city’s four
beaches.

Civic engineers said around 25% of the city’s waste, which comes from
the slums, is not connected to the 1,915km sewer network and goes
straight into nullahs and creeks.

Rakesh Kumar, director and Mumbai head of National NEERI, said this is
a more serious problem because waste generated from slums is dumped
totally untreated.

S R Narkar, chief engineer (Mumbai sewerage disposal project), said
despite basic treatment of sewage, “it gets highly diluted by the time
it is released 3km into the sea. The dilution factor is very high”.

Back at the Bandra treatment plant,
sub-engineer Desai pointed out that human feces dissolve completely by
the time it reaches the plant. Inlet shafts remove floating material
like plastic bags, bottles and solid waste. The waste water is then
pushed into a shaft 63m below the ground. From there, large pipes
(marine outfall) push the sewage 3.7km into the sea. The Bandra plant
handles sewage from Vile Parle, Khar, Santa Cruz, Bandra, Dharavi and
Kherwadi.

The Versova treatment plant has aerated lagoons where sewage is
treated before around 120 MLD is released into the sea through a
1.5kmlong channel.

The seven existing plants were set up based on the master plan
prepared in 1979. The first plant was commissioned in 1988 and the last
one in Bandra commenced operations in 2003.

The BMC will now spend Rs 10,000 crore to set up seven new plants at
the same locations where the existing ones stand.The new plants will
include tertiary treatment. According to Narkar, the treated water will
be recycled and reused for in dustrial gardening and supplied to
construction sites. “These new sewage treatment facilities will be built
according to Central Pollution Control Board norms,” he said.